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The basic rule: number of boxes
Start with one box per cat plus one extra. In multi-story homes, place boxes on different levels. This gives cats choice and reduces territorial tension.
Box size and type
Many boxes are too small. Aim for a box about 1.5 times your cat's body length (nose to base of tail). Open boxes are often accepted more easily, especially by kittens, seniors, and cautious cats.
Best locations
- Quiet but easy to access
- Away from food and water bowls
- Not next to loud machines (washers, boilers)
- At least one escape route in multi-cat homes
Cleaning standard
Scoop at least once daily, ideally twice. Replace litter fully and wash the box regularly. Strong fragrances may reduce acceptance, so unscented litter is often safer for sensitive cats.
Common reasons cats avoid the box
- Dirty box or poor odor control
- Wrong litter texture
- Box entrance too high for older cats
- Social pressure from another cat
- Pain or urinary discomfort (vet check needed)
Troubleshooting workflow
If accidents start suddenly, first rule out medical causes. Then adjust one variable at a time: add a box, test different litter, change location, and monitor for one week before making further changes.
Related guides
Introducing a New Cat | Indoor Cat Feeding Routine | Indoor Cat Enrichment
